Energy demands during a judo match and recovery

Energy demands during a judo match and recovery.

F Degoutte, P Jouanel, E Filaire, Unité Formation Recherche Sciences Techniques des APS, Villeurbanne, France. Br. J. Sports Med. 2003;37;245-249

Objective: To assess energy demand during a judo match and the kinetics of recovery by measuring the metabolites of the oxypurine cascade, lipolytic activity, and glycolytic pathway.
Methods: Venous blood samples were taken from 16 national judoists (mean (SEM) age 18.4 (1.6) years), before (T1) and three minutes (T2), one hour (T3), and 24 hours (T4) after a match. A seven day diet record was used to evaluate nutrient intake.
Results: Nutrient analysis indicated that these athletes followed a low carbohydrate diet. Plasma lactate concentration had increased to 12.3 (1.8) mmol/l at the end of the match. An increase in the levels of extracellular markers of muscle adenine nucleotide catabolism, urea, and creatinine was observed at T2, while uric acid levels remained unchanged. High concentrations of urea persisted for 24 hours during the recovery period. Ammonia, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and creatinine returned to control levels within the 24 hour recovery period. Uric acid concentrations rose from T3 and had not returned to baseline 24 hours after the match. The levels of triglycerides, glycerol, and free fatty acids had increased significantly (p<0.05) after the match (T2) but returned to baseline values within 24 hours. Concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol were significantly increased after the match.
Conclusions: These results show that a judo match induces both protein and lipid metabolism. Carbohydrate availability, training adaptation, and metabolic stress may explain the requirement for these types of metabolism.

Article on the Internet

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Kenshiro Abbe: Ju-no-Kata part 1

Kenshiro Abbe: Ju-no-Kata part 1.



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New judging in judo ?

New judging in judo ?

The International Judo Federation is considering a simplification of its judging criteria.To optimize public understanding and make judo more attractive to a larger audience the IJF may remove the terms waza-ari and koka from the international judo lexicon.
The All Japan Judo Federation states “We cannot agree to this if it means the essence of judo will change,” We must first have people understand the principles of judo such as why waza-ari is different from ippon.”
Up till now, four ranks of scoring for throws–ippon, waza-ari, yuko and koka–are used in international matches, but judoka and officials from the European Judo Union and other bodies have expressed dissatisfaction with the current rules, claiming that the “judging concept is abstract.”
Throws are judged on four technical categories including speed and force. An ippon requires an opponent to be thrown on his back with considerable speed and force.
When one element of a throw is missing a waza-ari is awarded, according to the IJF referee rules.
When two are missing, a yuko should be given. A koka is to be awarded “when the contestant with control throws the other contestant onto one shoulder, or the thigh, or buttocks with speed and force,” according to IJF rules.
Discussions on the matter are still taking place within the IJF, but a proposal has been made to remove waza-ari, leaving ippon and yuko, which are easy for referees to distinguish.
“Japan has to be well prepared for an ideological debate and argue its case,” a source connected with the IJF said.

From: www.yomiuri.co.jp

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Judo EC Lissabon 2008 Elmont (NED) - Neto (POR)

Judo European Championship Lissabon 2008.
Guillaume Elmont (NED) - Joao Neto (POR) [-81kg], the final.



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Judo Olympics 1964 Tokyo: opening with Nage-no-Kata Demonstration

Judo Olympics 1964 Tokyo: opening with Nage-no-Kata Demonstration.



All the matches at the olympics 1964 with Anton Geesink (NED), Theodore Boronovskis (AUS), Oleg Stepanov (USSR), Won-Ku Chang (Taiwan), James Steven Bregman (USA), Rodolfo Perez (ARG), Peter Ranken Paige (AUS), Isao Inokuma (JPN),Michel Angel Casella (ARG), Anzor Kiknadza (USSR), Anthony John Sweeney (GBR), Isao Okano (JPN), Akio Kaminaga (JPN) etc. etc can be seen at Judoschool Jan Snijders:

Judo at the Olympics

A Comparative Study of Throwing Speed

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THROWING SPEED BETWEEN HEAVIER AND LIGHTER CATEGORIES IN JUDO.

Ramdane Almansba - r.almansba@yahoo.fr
Laboratory of Sport and Health, Faculty of Sciences Sport and Physical Education, France.


The aim of this work was to verify if there was a difference in throwing speed performance between heavier and lighter weight categories in judo. Sixteen judoists aged 18±3 years-old, eight considered in the light weight category (-73 kg) and eight considered in the heavy weight category (+73 kg) participated in the study. A force/velocity test was used to determine the anaerobic power, strength, and pedal speed for each subject. Three trials of Nage-komi exercise, each comprised of 15s sets of Osoto-gari, Uchi-mata and Ippon-seoi-nage throws were performed by each subject to ascertain throwing speed. Throws within the sets were intersected by one period of 3 minute passive rest while the trials were separated by one period of 10 minute passive rest. Heart rate and the greatest number of throws within each set were measured for three trials.
We used an ANOVA to compare the number of throws between the two weight categories and a "Student" test when the difference was significant. A correlation was used to examine the link between the different parameters.
Results show that in the force/velocity test pedal speed did not differ between the two categories. However, there was a significant difference between the two categories when throwing speed was measured by the number of throws executed during the Ippon-seoi-nage and Uchi-mata, but there was no significant difference between the two categories for Osoto-gari.

Our study showed that the throwing speed of judoists represented by number of throws appears to be significantly different between the two categories. The lighter category has more speed than the heavier category using arm technique (Ippon-seoi-nage), while the heavier category has more speed using leg technique with half turn of the attacker's body (Uchi-mata). As a result, throwing speed is related to the type of technique used and not weight category.


Article on the Internet

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Emanuelle Payet (FRA) at the TIVP 2008

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Effects of Judo Kata Practice on Cardiorespiratory Health

EFFECTS OF RECREATIONAL AND COMPETITIVE JUDO KATA PRACTICE ON CARDIORESPIRATORY HEALTH AS EVALUATED BY A PORTABLE GAS ANALYZER SYSTEM. A PILOT STUDY

Carl De Crée, prof.cdcree@earthlink.net , IGER

The last couple of years there is an increased interest in judo kata practice, triggered by the introduction of kata contests at an international level. Various physiological and psychological scientific studies have focused on karate kata, but virtually no addition has been paid by the medical literature to the cardiopulmonary or other effects or requirements of judo kata practice. The purpose of this study was: (1)to gain initial cardiorespiratory data in both recreational and competitive judo kata players, and (2) to test the suitability of the Jaeger Oxycon Mobile™ portable gas analyzer system in similar studies. Twentyfour male subjects participated in this tests. Judo kata are standardized formal choreographic exercises, of which commonly 7 different exercises are practiced, usually in couple. Sei-ryoku zen’yo kokumin taiiku was not included because of its various solo components. Each kata was tested, though not all subjects were able to perform all kata given the highly advanced level required to suitably perform the two ultimate kata. Cardiorespiratory data were obtained by using a Jaeger Oxycon Mobile™ portable gas analyzer system, while blood lactate was determined by use of a portable lactate analyzer. Results showed that kata practice is an excellent aerobic exercise, of which the low injury component makes it suitable for judo practitioners of all ages. Considerable differences in energy expenditure exist between performers despite the standardization. We suggest that the level of experience as well as self-determined pace,intensity and type of kata are responsible for these results. Portable gas and lactate analyzers are suitable instruments to study the cardiorespiratory needs of judo kata practice.

Article on the Internet

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TIVP 2008: Dennis van der Geest - Kosei Inoue

A perfect Ko-Uchi-Gari (Inoue) or a perfect Kaeshi-Waza by Tomoe-Nage (Dennis van der Geest)? That's the question!

The right decision?

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TIVP 2008 The Next Event

Hope to show you some pictures next week.

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Judoschool Jan Snijders

Acute injuries in soccer, ice hockey, volleyball, basketball, judo, and karate: analysis of national registry data

Acute injuries in soccer, ice hockey, volleyball, basketball, judo, and karate: analysis of national registry data.

Urho M Kujala, chief physician,a Simo Taimela, research assistant,a Ilkka Antti-Poika, consultant orthopaedic surgeon,a Sakari Orava, consultant orthopaedic surgeon,a Risto Tuominen, senior researcher,b Pertti Myllynen, senior lecturer in orthopaedics and traumatology c
a Unit for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Toolo Sports Hall, Mannerheimintie 17, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland, b Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, FIN-00290, Helsinki, c Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, FIN-00260 Helsinki

Correspondence to: Dr Kujala.

Abstract

Objective: To determine the acute injury profile in each of six sports and compare the injury rates between the sports.
Design: Analysis of national sports injury insurance registry data.
Setting: Finland during 1987-91.
Subjects: 621691 person years of exposure among participants in soccer, ice hockey, volleyball, basketball, judo, or karate.
Main outcome measures: Acute sports injuries requiring medical treatment and reported to the insurance company on structured forms by the patients and their doctors.
Results: 54186 sports injuries were recorded. Injury rates were low in athletes aged under 15, while 20-24 year olds had the highest rates. Differences in injury rates between the sports were minor in this adult age group. Overall injury rates were higher in sports entailing more frequent and powerful body contact. Each sport had a specific injury profile. Fractures and dental injuries were most common in ice hockey and karate and least frequent in volleyball. Knee injuries were the most common cause of permanent disability.
Conclusions: Based on the defined injury profiles in the different sports it is recommended that sports specific preventive measures should be employed to decrease the number of violent contacts between athletes, including improved game rules supported by careful refereeing. To prevent dental injuries the wearing of mouth guards should be encouraged, especially in ice hockey, karate, and basketball.

Key messages
* Many sports injuries result from true accidents but others are preventable
* Injury rates are low in child athletes and highest in young adults
* Every sport has a specific injury profile
* Preventive measures should be specific to the sport concerned and include those aimed at decreasing the number of violent contacts between athletes


Article on the Internet, BMJ 1995;311:1465-1468 (2 December)

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Dutch team championship 196.. ? Jan Snijders

Dutch team championship 196.. with Jan Snijders




Dutch team championship judo 196..? (part 5) with Jan Snijders. Also seen: Anton Geesink and Peter Snijders.

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Study on Mechanism of Injury Generation and Reduction Therapy

Study on Mechanism of Injury Generation and Reduction Therapy based on Judo forms caled as Kata

Takashi Watanabe
sugiura@shadan-nissei.or.jp / masa@jvb.co.jp
Japan Judo Therapist Association

The techniques of Hiza-gatame (knee lock) and Hara-gatame (stomach lock) called as Kime-no-Kata aim at a positioning of elbow joints to cause a dislocation. Here, the underlying mechanism for the dislocation theory and reduction theory were investigated from the aspects of Kansetsu-waza (joint techniques).
We examined the mechanisms focusing on the motion of body and the positioning of joints as well as power direction and its timing in relation to Judo-Seifuku therapy and verify the mechanism through Judo techniques in practice. Kime-no-Kata in Judo mainly consists of Atemi-waza (striking techniques) and Kansetsu-waza (joint techniques), and also includes Nage-waza (throwing techniques) and Katame-waza (grappling techniques). Their offensive and defensive techniques are essential for waza. These waza are able to verify the individual motion by actually reproducing the respective components. The techniques of Suriage (knee lock) and Tukkomi (stomach lock) aim to let the opponent loose balance utilizing the offensive force while keeping one’s own balance, resulting that direct and indirect forces are loaded on the opponent’s elbow joints. The force produced by Kansetsu-waza is able to easily induce a dislocation in an instance via the action of moment applying the principle of leverage. When compared with the
conventional reduction procedures in clinical practice and Roser’s procedures that retrospectively follow
the generation process of dislocation, these procedures for Seifuku therapy are basically coincident except for a loading of excessive extension on the elbow joint. Kansetsu-waza, a decisive technique form called as Kime-no-Kata aims to take a posture of dislocation by effectively loading an external force. The dislocation generation theory (injury generation mechanism) and the theory of Judo reduction therapy retrospectively following the generation process of dislocation from the aspect of kinetics were reviewed to clarify the respective characteristics. Thus, Judo-Seifuku theory was introduced through conversely tracing the individual motions of Kansetsu-waza.

In: Annals of the 5th International Judo Federation World Research Symposium Sept 12th, 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Judopictogram Beijing 2008

Judopictogram Beijing Olympics 2008





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Physical Fitness and Anthropometrical Profile of the Brazilian Male Judo Team

Physical Fitness and Anthropometrical Profile of the Brazilian Male Judo Team


Emerson Franchini (1), Alexandre Velly Nunes (2), Josué Morisson Moraes (3) and Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio (4)

1) School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo
2) Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul
3) Bennet Methodist University, Brazilian Judo Confederation, Rio de Janeiro
4) Physical Education College, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo

Abstract
The present study had as objectives (1) to compare the morphological and functional characteristics of the male
judo players of the Brazilian Team A (n=7) with the judo players of Teams B and C (reserves; n=15), and (2) to verify the association between the variables measured. Thus, 22 athletes from the seven Olympic weight categories were submitted to: a body composition evaluation (body mass, height, ten skinfolds, eight circumferences, three bone diameters and percent body fat estimation); the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT); maximal strength tests (one repetitionmaximum, 1 RM, in bench press, row, and squat); and the Cooper test. One-way analysis of covariance was used to compare the groups. The relationships between variables were determined by the Pearson coefficient correlation. The significance level was fixed at 5%. No significant difference was found in any variable between them. The main significant correlations observed were between the following variables: VO2max and number of throws in the SJFT (r=0.79); percent body fat and estimated VO2max (r=0.83) and number of throws in the SJFT (r=0.70); chest circumference and bench press 1 RM (r=0.90) and in the row (r=0.80); and thigh circumference and squat 1 RM (r=0.86). However, there was no significant correlation between circumferences and 1 RM/kg of body mass. According to these results the main conclusions are: (1) the physical variables measured do not discriminate performance when analysis is directed to the best athletes; (2) a higher percent body fat is negatively correlated with performance in activities with body mass locomotion (Cooper test and the SJFT); (3) judo players with higher aerobic power performed better in high-intensity intermittent exercise; (4) judo players with bigger circumferences present bigger absolute maximal strength.

Article on the Internet

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Ju-No-Kata

Ju-No-Kata. Kodokan Kata Tournament 2007.
Bronze medal: Manual Garcia - Vicente Picazo (Spain)



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Judo for Rugby

Judo for Rugby

Emma Reed. British Judo Association


Using judo as a cross training method is not a new concept throughout the world, but over the last couple of years it has been adopted in Britain by teams such as Bath and Leicester Tigers, as well as the England Junior Academy, who brought judo Olympic silver medallist, Kate Howey, on board to work with their young squad.
In early 2006, the British Judo Association formed a new partnership with Leicester Tigers Rugby Club. The rugby giants were in no doubt that judo could improve the performance of their squads and they have since implemented the sport at many levels. Integral to the partnership is Wayne Lakin, a British Judo World Class Start Coach, who now works equally between rugby and judo.
Judo does not only benefit the elite. It can offer a great deal to young and amateur athletes as well as coaches. This is fundamentally because judo techniques provide basic skill movements, which are transferable onto the pitch.

Complete article on the internet

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Katame-no-kata

1st Kodokan Judo Kata International Tournament 2007:
Juan P. Goicoechandia (tori) & Roberto Villar (uke).




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Classification of Innovative International Competition Techniques

Classification of Innovative International Competition Techniques.

Roy Inman OBE 8th Dan

Abstract.
This presentation supports the case for specifying and naming contest waza that have previously only been recognised as variations of the established techniques. The rationale for this is that it will assist coaches in the teaching and demonstration of contest techniques. To give an example; any leg-grabbing action (one of the highest scoring actions in major tournaments) will be termed simply 'ashi-dori', but the specific variation used may require different direction of force and/or hand placement.

Full article on the internet

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Nage-no-kata

1st Kodokan Judo Kata International Tournament 2007: Japan - Toshimitsu Takahashi (tori) & Fumikazu Yoda (uke).




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